The lights came on, it's like stop dancing. I was celebrating my birthday at the Stonewall. John van Hoesen Martha Shelley And it was those loudest people, the most vulnerable, the most likely to be arrested, were the ones that were doing the real fighting. TV Host (Archival):That's a very lovely dress too that you're wearing Simone. Raymond Castro America thought we were these homosexual monsters and we were so innocent, and oddly enough, we were so American. Howard Smith, Reporter,The Village Voice:So at that point the police are extremely nervous. Raymond Castro:So then I got pushed back in, into the Stonewall by these plain clothes cops and they would not let me out, they didn't let anybody out. BBC Worldwide Americas And the police were showing up. Do you want them to lose all chance of a normal, happy, married life? As kids, we played King Kong. It's the first time I'm fully inside the Stonewall. Lucian Truscott, IV, Reporter,The Village Voice:There were gay bars all over town, not just in Greenwich Village. Howard Smith, Reporter,The Village Voice:But there were little, tiny pin holes in the plywood windows, I'll call them the windows but they were plywood, and we could look out from there and every time I went over and looked out through one of those pin holes where he did, we were shocked at how big the crowd had become. Tommy Lanigan-Schmidt:As much as I don't like to say it, there's a place for violence. They put some people on the street right in front ofThe Village Voiceprotesting the use of the word fag in my story. It was a leaflet that attacked the relationship of the police and the Mafia and the bars that we needed to see ended. Raymond Castro:New York City subways, parks, public bathrooms, you name it. Diana Davies Photographs, Manuscripts and Archives Division, The New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations We were winning. A sickness of the mind. Nobody. It was narrated by author Rita Mae Brown, directed by Greta Schiller, co-directed by Robert Rosenberg, and co-produced by John Scagliotti and Rosenberg, and Schiller. Because to be gay represented to me either very, super effeminate men or older men who hung out in the upper movie theatres on 42nd Street or in the subway T-rooms, who'd be masturbating. It was nonsense, it was nonsense, it was all the people there, that were reacting and opposing what was occurring. Seymour Pine, Deputy Inspector, Morals Division, NYPD:It was always hands up, what do you want? They would not always just arrest, they would many times use clubs and beat. Judith Kuchar and I didn't see anything but a forest of hands. Newly restored for the 50th Anniversary of the Stonewall Riots, Before Stonewall pries open the . Not able to do anything. That wasn't ours, it was borrowed. They were afraid that the FBI was following them. And they started smashing their heads with clubs. We could lose our memory from the beating, we could be in wheelchairs like some were. We love to hear from our listeners! Before Stonewall was nominated for the Grand Jury Prize at the 1985 Sundance Film Festival. Martin Boyce:It was another great step forward in the story of human rights, that's what it was. Franco Sacchi, Additional Animation and Effects Fred Sargeant:The tactical patrol force on the second night came in even larger numbers, and were much more brutal. And a whole bunch of people who were in the paddy wagon ran out. John Scagliotti But it's serious, don't kid yourselves about it. Danny Garvin:He's a faggot, he's a sissy, queer. I would get in the back of the car and they would say, "We're going to go see faggots." Over a short period of time, he will be unable to get sexually aroused to the pictures, and hopefully, he will be unable to get sexually aroused inside, in other settings as well. John O'Brien:They went for the head wounds, it wasn't just the back wounds and the leg wounds. My father said, "About time you fags rioted.". Stonewall Forever Explore the monument Watch the documentary Download the AR app About & FAQ Privacy Policy I actually thought, as all of them did, that we were going to be killed. On this episode, the fight for gay rights before Stonewall. Seymour Pine, Deputy Inspector, Morals Division, NYPD:We didn't have the manpower, and the manpower for the other side was coming like it was a real war. And the police escalated their crackdown on bars because of the reelection campaign. It was as if an artist had arranged it, it was beautiful, it was like mica, it was like the streets we fought on were strewn with diamonds. All the rules were off in the '60s. Ellinor Mitchell Martin Boyce In the trucks or around the trucks. 'Cause I really realized that I was being trained as a straight person, so I could really fool these people. And you will be caught, don't think you won't be caught, because this is one thing you cannot get away with. I entered the convent at 26, to pursue that question and I was convinced that I would either stay until I got an answer, or if I didn't get an answer just stay. The only faces you will see are those of the arresting officers. We knew that this was a moment that we didn't want to let slip past, because it was something that we could use to bring more of the groups together. We heard one, then more and more. Lucian Truscott, IV, Reporter,The Village Voice:It was a bottle club which meant that I guess you went to the door and you bought a membership or something for a buck and then you went in and then you could buy drinks. J. Michael Grey Martin Boyce:All of a sudden, Miss New Orleans and all people around us started marching step by step and the police started moving back. It's a history that people feel a huge sense of ownership over. Dick Leitsch:And I remember it being a clear evening with a big black sky and the biggest white moon I ever saw. Many of those activists have since died, but Marcus preserved their voices for his book, titled Making Gay History. The Stonewall had reopened. Long before marriage equality, non-binary gender identity, and the flood of new documentaries commemorating this month's 50th anniversary of the Greenwich Village uprising that begat the gay rights movement, there was Greta Schiller's Before Stonewall.Originally released in 1984as AIDS was slowly killing off many of those bar patrons-turned-revolutionariesthe film, through the use of . Howard Smith, Reporter,The Village Voice:And I keep listening and listening and listening, hoping I'm gonna hear sirens any minute and I was very freaked. And the Stonewall was part of that system. A CBS news public opinion survey indicates that sentiment is against permitting homosexual relationships between consenting adults without legal punishment. So anything that would set us off, we would go into action. You gotta remember, the Stonewall bar was just down the street from there. It was like a reward. Slate:In 1969, homosexual acts were illegal in every state except Illinois. Narrator (Archival):This is a nation of laws. Martin Boyce:I wasn't labeled gay, just "different." I say, I cannot tell this without tearing up. It was a 100% profit, I mean they were stealing the liquor, then watering it down, and they charging twice as much as they charged one door away at the 55. And I found them in the movie theatres, sitting there, next to them. And Dick Leitsch, who was the head of the Mattachine Society said, "Who's in favor?" There's a little door that slides open with this power-hungry nut behind that, you see this much of your eyes, and he sees that much of your face, and then he decides whether you're going to get in. And we had no right to such. William Eskridge, Professor of Law:Ed Koch who was a democratic party leader in the Greenwich Village area, was a specific leader of the local forces seeking to clean up the streets. Danny Garvin:We were talking about the revolution happening and we were walking up 7th Avenue and I was thinking it was either Black Panthers or the Young Lords were going to start it and we turned the corner from 7th Avenue onto Christopher Street and we saw the paddy wagon pull up there. Lucian Truscott, IV, Reporter,The Village Voice:They started busting cans of tear gas. Before Stonewall (1984) - full transcript New York City's Stonewall Inn is regarded by many as the site of gay and lesbian liberation since it was at this bar that drag queens fought back against police June 27-28, 1969. They would bang on the trucks. And she was quite crazy. And the harder she fought, the more the cops were beating her up and the madder the crowd got. Then the cops come up and make use of what used to be called the bubble-gum machine, back then a cop car only had one light on the top that spun around. We'll put new liquor in there, we'll put a new mirror up, we'll get a new jukebox." He said, "Okay, let's go." Narrator (Archival):We arrested homosexuals who committed their lewd acts in public places. I was in the Navy when I was 17 and it was there that I discovered that I was gay. Tommy Lanigan-Schmidt:Those of us that were the street kids we didn't think much about the past or the future. Jerry Hoose:Gay people who had good jobs, who had everything in life to lose, were starting to join in. Also, through this fight, the "LGBT" was born. Jimmy knew he shouldn't be interested but, well, he was curious. They were the storm troopers. That summer, New York City police raided the Stonewall Inn, a popular gay bar in Greenwich Village. And I just didn't understand that. Some of the pre-Stonewall uprisings included: Black Cat Raid, Los Angeles, California, 1967 Black Night Brawl, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, August 5, 1961. John O'Brien:I was very anti-police, had many years already of activism against the forces of law and order. John O'Brien:Heterosexuals, legally, had lots of sexual outlets. A gay rights march in New York in favor of the 1968 Civil Rights Act being amended to include gay rights. Where did you buy it? Ed Koch, Councilman, New York City:Gay rights, like the rights of blacks, were constantly under attack and while blacks were protected by constitutional amendments coming out of the Civil War, gays were not protected by law and certainly not the Constitution. Other images in this film are either recreations or drawn from events of the time. Interviewer (Archival):Are you a homosexual? And, you know,The Village Voiceat that point started using the word "gay.". People that were involved in it like me referred to it as "The First Run." John O'Brien:I knew that the words that were being said to put down people, was about me. It meant nothing to us. Fred Sargeant:The effect of the Stonewall riot was to change the direction of the gay movement. Except for the few mob-owned bars that allowed some socializing, it was basically for verboten. Jerry Hoose:Who was gonna complain about a crackdown against gay people? Original Language: English. Doric Wilson:When I was very young, one of the terms for gay people was twilight people, meaning that we never came out until twilight, 'til it got dark. The idea was to be there first. Suzanne Poli They are taught that no man is born homosexual and many psychiatrists now believe that homosexuality begins to form in the first three years of life. Seymour Pine, Deputy Inspector, Morals Division, NYPD:We told this to our men. Detective John Sorenson, Dade County Morals & Juvenile Squad (Archival):There may be some in this auditorium. The mirrors, all the bottles of liquor, the jukebox, the cigarette machines. Howard Smith, Reporter,The Village Voice:It really should have been called Stonewall uprising. Linton Media Martha Shelley:If you were in a small town somewhere, everybody knew you and everybody knew what you did and you couldn't have a relationship with a member of your own sex, period. In the sexual area, in psychology, psychiatry. I mean they were making some headway. Howard Smith, Reporter,The Village Voice:I had been in some gay bars either for a story or gay friends would say, "Oh we're going to go in for a drink there, come on in, are you too uptight to go in?" Howard Smith, Reporter,The Village Voice:I had a column inThe Village Voicethat ran from '66 all the way through '84. Doric Wilson:There was joy because the cops weren't winning. Mike Wallace (Archival):Two out of three Americans look upon homosexuals with disgust, discomfort or fear. I grew up in a very Catholic household and the conflict of issues of redemption, of is it possible that if you are this thing called homosexual, is it possible to be redeemed? This was in front of the police. It was one of the things you did in New York, it was like the Barnum and Bailey aspect of it. Paul Bosche They pushed everybody like to the back room and slowly asking for IDs. Colonial House Eric Marcus, Writer:It was incredibly hot. John O'Brien:There was one street called Christopher Street, where actually I could sit and talk to other gay people beyond just having sex. Activists had been working for change long before Stonewall. Narrator (Archival):Note how Albert delicately pats his hair, and adjusts his collar. Fred Sargeant:When it was clear that things were definitely over for the evening, we decided we needed to do something more. It eats you up inside not being comfortable with yourself. Homosexuality was a dishonorable discharge in those days, and you couldn't get a job afterwards. And it's interesting to note how many youngsters we've been seeing in these films. And they were lucky that door was closed, they were very lucky. Bettye Lane Charles Harris, Transcriptions So gay people were being strangled, shot, thrown in the river, blackmailed, fired from jobs. Yvonne Ritter:It's like people who are, you know, black people who are used to being mistreated, and going to the back of the bus and I guess this was sort of our going to the back of the bus. Your choice, you can come in with us or you can stay out here with the crowd and report your stuff from out here. Katrina Heilbroner Howard Smith, Reporter,The Village Voice:At a certain point, it felt pretty dangerous to me but I noticed that the cop that seemed in charge, he said you know what, we have to go inside for safety. When we got dressed for that night, we had cocktails and we put the makeup on. The severity of the punishment varies from state to state. Jerry Hoose:The police would come by two or three times a night. And it was fantastic. There were occasions where you did see people get night-sticked, or disappear into a group of police and, you know, everybody knew that was not going to have a good end. Dr. Socarides (Archival):I think the whole idea of saying "the happy homosexual" is to, uh, to create a mythology about the nature of homosexuality. It eats you up inside. Do you understand me?". Dick Leitsch:And the blocks were small enough that we could run around the block and come in behind them before they got to the next corner. I met this guy and I broke down crying in his arms. And this went on for hours. Doric Wilson:In those days, the idea of walking in daylight, with a sign saying, "I'm a faggot," was horren--, nobody, nobody was ready to do that. 400 Plankinton Ave. Compton's Cafeteria Raid, San Francisco, California, 1966 Coopers Do-Nut Raid, Los Angeles, California, 1959 Pepper Hill Club Raid, Baltimore, Maryland in 1955. Doric Wilson:That's what happened Stonewall night to a lot of people. Fred Sargeant:Someone at this point had apparently gone down to the cigar stand on the corner and got lighter fluid. Marjorie Duffield It was not a place that, in my life, me and my friends paid much attention to. kui We had no speakers planned for the rally in Central Park, where we had hoped to get to. In 1969 it was common for police officers to rough up a gay bar and ask for payoffs. Martha Shelley:They wanted to fit into American society the way it was. [2][3] Later in 2019, the film was selected by the Library of Congress for preservation in the United States National Film Registry for being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".[4][5][6]. And if enough people broke through they would be killed and I would be killed. Alan Lechner Seymour Pine, Deputy Inspector, Morals Division, NYPD:The moment you stepped out that door there would be hundreds facing you. They didn't know what they were walking into. Because one out of three of you will turn queer. Narrator (Archival):Sure enough, the following day, when Jimmy finished playing ball, well, the man was there waiting. Cop (Archival):Anyone can walk into that men's room, any child can walk in there, and see what you guys were doing. Danny Garvin John O'Brien:They had increased their raids in the trucks. And a couple of 'em had pulled out their guns. Seymour Pine, Deputy Inspector, Morals Division, NYPD:They were sexual deviates. Somebody grabbed me by the leg and told me I wasn't going anywhere. Mayor John Lindsay, like most mayors, wanted to get re-elected. And we all relaxed. William Eskridge, Professor of Law:All throughout the 60s in New York City, the period when the New York World's Fair was attracting visitors from all over America and all over the world. The events that took place in June 1969 have been described as the birth of the gay-rights movement, but that's only partially true. Urban Stages Danny Garvin:We became a people. It was as bad as any situation that I had met in during the army, had just as much to worry about. And in a sense the Stonewall riots said, "Get off our backs, deliver on the promise." His movements are not characteristic of a real boy. People talk about being in and out now, there was no out, there was just in. Dick Leitsch:Well, gay bars were the social centers of gay life. Before Stonewall: The Making of a Gay and Lesbian Community is a 1984 American documentary film about the LGBT community prior to the 1969 Stonewall riots. You had no place to try to find an identity. Doric Wilson:And I looked back and there were about 2,000 people behind us, and that's when I knew it had happened. Martin Boyce:You could be beaten, you could have your head smashed in a men's room because you were looking the wrong way. All of this stuff was just erupting like a -- as far as they were considered, like a gigantic boil on the butt of America. Jerry Hoose:I mean the riot squad was used to riots. That never happened before. And when she grabbed that everybody knew she couldn't do it alone so all the other queens, Congo Woman, queens like that started and they were hitting that door. Just let's see if they can. I told the person at the door, I said "I'm 18 tonight" and he said to me, "you little SOB," he said.
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